Top 50 Richest Countries in the World: GDP Rankings 2025

Nations are often measured by more than just size or population, it's their wealth, and how they use it, that truly sets them apart.

Wealth is about how countries turn resources into opportunity, innovation, and global influence.

As of 2025, GDP rankings provide a clear snapshot of global prosperity, highlighting where economic strength is most concentrated. From advanced financial centers to rapidly growing economies, these rankings reveal which nations are leading the world in per capita wealth and overall performance.

In this guide, we explore the Top 50 Richest Countries in the World, break down how GDP rankings are calculated, and uncover the investment opportunities available in today’s most affluent nations.

Understanding GDP Rankings and National Wealth Metrics

What is GDP per capita?

GDP per capita is calculated by dividing a country's total GDP by its population, providing an average economic output per person. This metric serves as a proxy for the standard of living and economic well-being of a nation's residents.

How are wealth rankings calculated?

Wealth rankings are determined by assessing GDP per capita, considering both nominal terms and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Nominal GDP per capita reflects current market exchange rates, while GDP per capita at PPP accounts for cost of living and inflation differences, offering a more accurate comparison of living standards across countries.

Difference between nominal GDP and PPP

Nominal GDP measures the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country using current prices and exchange rates. In contrast, GDP at PPP adjusts for price level differences across countries, providing a more accurate reflection of the real purchasing power of residents.

Investment Opportunities in Top 10 Nations

1. Singapore

Singapore's strong economy, driven by finance, trade, and technology, ensures its top place among the wealthiest nations. It offers a diverse range of investment opportunities, including government bonds known for their stability and low-risk profiles. Tech startups are a significant focus in Singapore, supported by a strong innovation ecosystem and government incentives that attract venture capitalists and entrepreneurs alike. Additionally, its real estate market, particularly luxury and commercial properties, is highly sought after by international investors due to the city's land scarcity and high demand.

2. Luxembourg

With a thriving financial sector and high-income economy, Luxembourg continues to rank towards the top of the global GDP ratings. Private banking, investment funds, and a rigid regulatory environment anchor the country's financial industry, making it a hub for global investors. Luxembourg also offers a flourishing real estate market, particularly in commercial properties, with opportunities for high returns due to limited land availability and increasing demand.

3. Ireland

Ireland's booming tech sector and favorable corporate tax policies attract global businesses, making it a hotspot for foreign direct investment (FDI). Popular sectors for investment include information technology, pharmaceuticals, and financial services. The country’s highly educated workforce and strong research and development (R&D) infrastructure further enhance its appeal to international companies.

Investment options for individuals include purchasing government bonds, investing in established Irish businesses, or entering the thriving real estate market, particularly in Dublin. The real estate sector offers lucrative opportunities in both commercial and residential properties, driven by consistent demand and economic growth.

4. Qatar

Qatar’s wealth stems from its vast natural gas and oil reserves, making it one of the richest countries in the world. Investors can explore opportunities in the country’s rapidly expanding sectors such as real estate, infrastructure, and energy. The Qatar Free Zones Authority provides incentives for foreign investors, including tax exemptions and full ownership rights in designated zones, which are ideal for businesses in logistics, technology, and manufacturing.

5. Norway

Rich in natural resources, Norway boasts a high standard of living and a stable economy, supported by its oil and gas industries, renewable energy sector, and flourishing seafood exports. The country also emphasizes sustainability and innovation, making it an ideal destination for green investments.

6. Switzerland

Renowned for its banking sector, Switzerland’s stability and high living standards make it an appealing destination for wealth migration. The country’s banking industry is world-renowned, offering secure, private, and efficient financial services that attract HNWIs. Switzerland also serves as a hub for wealth management, with institutions providing tailored investment solutions and financial products.

Beyond banking, Switzerland’s pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors significantly contribute to its economy, guaranteeing lucrative opportunities for investors. The country’s innovation-friendly policies also make it an ideal base for tech startups and research and development ventures.

7. United States

As the world’s largest economy, the United States offers an extensive range of investment opportunities, making it a prime destination for global investors. The U.S. excels in technology, finance, healthcare, and real estate, providing high returns and diverse investment avenues. Its real estate market is particularly attractive, with options ranging from luxury residential properties to commercial spaces in thriving metropolitan areas like New York, Los Angeles, and Miami.

8. Denmark

Denmark’s innovation-driven economy and excellent social services make it an attractive destination for global investors. The country excels in sectors such as renewable energy, biotechnology, and information technology. Investments in wind energy and green technologies are particularly prominent due to Denmark’s leadership in sustainability.

9. Netherlands

Historically a trading nation, the Netherlands has an infrastructure of major ports such as Amsterdam and Rotterdam. The 21st-century Netherlands is the European base for the likes of Uber who have their EU HQ in Amsterdam. Second city Rotterdam houses Europe's largest seaport and offers connectivity as an economic center.

10. Taiwan

Transforming from an agricultural backwater to a thrusting industrial powerhouse, Taiwan receives recognition from the International Monetary Fund. The IMF classify this Asian country as one of their "advanced economies". This is a result of what has become known as the "Taiwan Miracle".

Rising Economic Powers (Ranks 11-25)

The middle segment of the richest countries ranking, from positions 11 through 25, highlights rising economic powers that are making substantial contributions to global GDP. These nations exhibit remarkable economic growth, driven by innovation, industrialization, and strategic policy reforms. They provide fertile ground for international investors seeking high returns and diversified portfolios.

United Arab Emirates

With a diversified economy and tax-free income, the UAE remains a magnet for expatriates and global investors. Key investment opportunities lie in real estate, technology, logistics, and renewable energy. Cities like Dubai and Abu Dhabi are hubs for luxury real estate developments and commercial properties that yield high returns.

Iceland

A founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Iceland excels in renewable energy. The country generates 100% of its electricity from geothermal and hydropower sources.

Austria

With a focus on tourism and machinery, Austria combines scenic beauty with industrial might. The country’s strong economic fundamentals make it a safe and attractive destination for investors.

Germany

BMW and Volkswagen are two of the reasons why Germany dominates the world's automotive market. The country also has a strong track record in pharmaceutical innovation.

Australia

Australia’s strong economy and exceptional quality of life make it a top destination for investors and expatriates. Key sectors for investment include mining, agriculture, renewable energy, and technology. Real estate is another lucrative area, particularly in cities like Sydney and Melbourne, where demand for luxury properties remains high.

Finland

Finland’s economy is driven by technology and forestry. Its emphasis on education and innovation makes it a prime location for tech investments, especially in AI and gaming sectors.

Canada

Canada's switch in emphasis to promote manufacturing, mining, and services has seen sectors has seen the country evolve from a rural to urban economy. In 2025, the Toronto Stock Exchange is the world's 10th-biggest stock exchange. 

France

Traditionally one of Europe's most powerful economies, France entered the recession of the Noughties later than other countries and also left it earlier. The country is establishing itself as a European rival to the U.S., in terms of AI research and development.

South Korea

As a leader in electronics and automotive industries, South Korea continues to innovate with companies like Samsung and Hyundai at the forefront.

United Kingdom

After New York, the UK's capital is the largest financial center in the world with the City of London rivalling Wall Street.

Economic Growth Trends

These emerging wealthy nations share several growth-driving characteristics:

• Industrialization: Countries like Canada and Germany are leading the charge in technological and industrial advancements, fostering GDP growth.

• Innovation: South Korea and France are leveraging research and development to remain competitive in global markets.

• Diversification: Nations such as the United Arab Emirates are diversifying their economies to reduce dependence on traditional sectors like oil and natural gas.

• Trade: Belgium is leveraging its geographic advantages and free trade agreements to bolster exports and attract foreign direct investment.

• Sustainability: Renewable energy projects in countries like Iceland reflect a global shift toward environmentally sustainable growth.

Investment Potential in These Markets

Real Estate Opportunities

• In the United Kingdom, residential properties in neighborhoods like Chelsea, Hampstead, and Knightsbridge offer high ROI.
• Canada presents a growing demand for residential and commercial spaces in tier-1 cities like Toronto and Vancouver.
• Australia remains attractive for its luxury urban properties in Melbourne and Sydney.

Technology and Startups

• South Korea’s tech industry provides avenues for venture capitalists in areas like robotics.
• France is emerging as a global leader in AI startups.

Natural Resources

• The UAE's oil and gas sector continues to be a key area for investment, despite global transitions to renewables.
• Canada's agriculture and mining industries offer robust investment opportunities, supported by export demand.

Renewable Energy

• Austria is rapidly investing in solar and wind energy, providing entry points for green investors.

Why Invest in Rising Economic Powers?

Investing in these nations offers multiple advantages:

• High Growth Potential: Rapidly growing economies provide opportunities for significant capital appreciation.
• Sector Diversity: Investors can diversify across industries such as technology, real estate, and renewable energy.
• Favorable Policies: Many countries offer tax incentives, subsidies, and government support to foreign investors.
• Strategic Locations: Nations like Canada and France serve as gateways to regional markets.

Established Economies (Ranks 26-50)

The nations ranked between 26 and 50 in the global GDP rankings represent traditional economic powerhouses with stable investment environments. These countries have long been cornerstones of the global economy, offering resilience, well-established industries, and strong regulatory frameworks. For investors, these economies provide excellent opportunities for stable returns and long-term growth, coupled with enticing residency options.

Traditional Economic Powerhouses

Italy

Renowned for luxury goods and tourism, Italy also offers investment opportunities in its growing renewable energy and manufacturing sectors.

Saudi Arabia

This oil-rich nation is diversifying its economy under Vision 2030, focusing on tourism, entertainment, and green energy.

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a leader in automotive manufacturing and machinery, benefiting from its central location within Europe.

Spain

Spain excels in tourism and renewable energy, offering opportunities in luxury real estate, solar farms, and innovative industries like aerospace.

New Zealand

Agriculture and renewable energy are key drivers of New Zealand’s economy. Its commitment to sustainability makes it a top destination for green investments.

Poland

Known for its robust manufacturing and growing IT sectors, Poland offers affordable labor and a strong domestic market for investors.

Portugal

Portugal’s booming tourism industry and renewable energy projects offer exciting investment opportunities. Its Golden Visa program is particularly attractive for high-net-worth individuals.

Russia

Despite geopolitical challenges, Russia's natural resources and energy exports make it a significant player in global trade.

Hungary

Hungary’s technology and agriculture sectors continue to grow, supported by government incentives for foreign investors.

Greece

Greece offers lucrative opportunities in tourism and shipping, supported by its strategic location and the Golden Visa program.

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan’s wealth lies in its oil, natural gas, and mining sectors, which drive its economic growth.

Malaysia

A hub for technology and manufacturing, Malaysia is a key player in electronics and renewable energy, offering strategic access to Southeast Asian markets.

Türkiye

Strategically located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, Turkey is a hub for trade and industries like textiles, agriculture, and construction.

Chile

Mining and agriculture dominate Chile’s economy, offering investors opportunities in copper, lithium, and wine production.

Economic Citizenship and Residency Programs in Wealthy Nations

Economic citizenship and residency by investment programs offer individuals the opportunity to obtain citizenship or residency in a foreign country through significant financial contributions. These programs are particularly appealing to investors seeking global mobility, economic stability, and access to new markets. Among the countries listed in the Table, several offer such programs with varying investment requirements and benefits.

Türkiye

Renowned for its strategic location between Asia and Europe, Türkiye offers a Citizenship by Investment program catering to HNWIs.

Turkish Citizenship by Investment

Türkiye’s citizenship program is one of the most increasingly popular in the world. It allows investors to acquire Turkish citizenship through real estate.

Eligibility Requirements

Property purchase: Buy property valued at a minimum of $400,000.

United States

Residency by Investment in USA

The United States offers the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program, granting permanent residency (Green Card) to investors who meet specific criteria:

• Investment Amount: A minimum of $800,000 in a Targeted Employment Area (TEA) or $1,050,000 in a non-TEA.
• Job Creation: The investment must create at least 10 full-time jobs for U.S. workers.

Successful applicants and their immediate family members receive Green Cards, allowing them to live, work, and study anywhere in the United States, with a pathway to citizenship after five years of residency.

United Kingdom

Residency by Investment in the UK

The United Kingdom previously offered the Tier 1 (Investor) Visa, which has been closed to new applicants. Currently, the Innovator Founder Visa is available for entrepreneurs seeking to establish a business in the UK.

• Investment Requirement: A minimum of £50,000 in a new or existing business.
• Business Criteria: The business idea must be innovative, viable, and scalable, endorsed by an approved body.

This visa allows individuals to reside in the UK and operate their businesses, with the possibility of applying for indefinite leave to remain after three years and citizenship thereafter.

Portugal

Residency by Investment in Portugal

Portugal's Golden Visa program is one of the most popular in Europe, offering several investment options. The most favored one, after the removal of the real estate route, is a €500,000 investment in Portuguese venture capital or investment funds.

The Portuguese Golden Visa grants residency rights, visa-free travel within the Schengen Area, and eligibility for citizenship after five years, provided basic language proficiency and other requirements are met.

Greece

Residency by Investment in Greece

Greece offers a Golden Visa program with the following investment option:

• Real Estate Investment: A minimum of €250,000 in property purchases.

This program provides a five-year residency permit, renewable indefinitely, with no minimum stay requirements. While it does not directly lead to citizenship, long-term residents may apply for naturalization after seven years of continuous residence.

Cyprus

Residency by Investment in Cyprus

Cyprus offers a Permanent Residency Program through investment:

• Real Estate Investment: A minimum of €300,000 in new residential properties.

Applicants must also demonstrate a secure annual income from abroad and maintain a fixed deposit of €30,000 in a Cypriot bank for three years. The program grants permanent residency rights, with the possibility of applying for citizenship after seven years of residency.

United Arab Emirates

Residency by Investment in United Arab Emirates

The UAE offers the Golden Visa program, granting long-term residency to investors and entrepreneurs:

• Real Estate Investment: A minimum of AED 2 million in property.
• Business Investment: Establishing a company with a capital investment of at least AED 500,000.

The Golden Visa provides residency for up to 10 years, renewable, with benefits including the ability to sponsor family members and access to various services.

Italy

Residency by Investment in Italy

Italy's Investor Visa program offers several investment options:

• Government Bonds: A minimum of €2 million.
• Italian Companies: At least €500,000 in an Italian limited company.
• Innovative Startups: A minimum of €250,000 in an innovative startup.
• Philanthropic Donation: At least €1 million in a project of public interest.

The Investor Visa grants a two-year residency, renewable for three additional years, with eligibility for permanent residency after five years followed by citizenship.

Malaysia

Residency by Investment in Malaysia

Malaysia offers the Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H) program, which provides long-term residency to qualified individuals through financial investment:

• Financial Fixed Deposit: Applicants must place a fixed deposit of MYR 1 million in a Malaysian bank.
• Monthly Income Requirement: Proof of an offshore monthly income of at least MYR 40,000.
• Additional Financial Proof: Applicants must demonstrate liquid assets of MYR 1.5 million.

This program grants a 10-year renewable visa, allowing investors and their families to reside in Malaysia, access high-quality healthcare, and enjoy affordable living costs. It also permits foreign property ownership under specific guidelines.

Investment Opportunities in Top GDP Nations

As global economies evolve, countries ranked in the top GDP rankings offer unparalleled opportunities for investors. These nations excel in providing robust real estate markets, thriving business ecosystems, and stable financial programs.

Real Estate Investment Potential

Real estate continues to be a cornerstone of global investment portfolios, offering stability, high returns, and long-term growth. Let’s explore the potential in top GDP nations:

Luxembourg

Luxembourg’s luxury residential and commercial real estate markets are thriving, driven by its status as a financial hub. Investors benefit from high rental yields and increasing property values in prime locations such as Kirchberg and the city center.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative is driving significant real estate development, including projects like NEOM, the futuristic city. Opportunities abound in residential, commercial, and tourism-related developments, particularly in Riyadh, Jeddah, and the Red Sea coastline.

Singapore

Singapore's real estate market is one of the most stable in the world. High-demand areas like Marina Bay and Orchard Road offer excellent returns, particularly for luxury apartments and commercial spaces. Government regulations ensure market stability, making it ideal for long-term investments.

Ireland

Dublin’s real estate sector has seen a surge in demand due to the influx of multinational corporations. Opportunities lie in purchasing office spaces and residential properties to cater to the growing expat population.

Qatar

Qatar’s real estate market is booming, especially with preparations for large-scale events and tourism growth. High-end residential and commercial properties in Doha are particularly lucrative.

United States

The U.S. offers diverse real estate investment options, from luxury properties in New York City to commercial spaces in Silicon Valley. Real estate investment trusts (REITs) provide an avenue for those looking to invest without purchasing property directly.

United Arab Emirates

Dubai’s luxury real estate market continues to attract global investors. Areas like Downtown Dubai and Palm Jumeirah offer high rental yields, while Abu Dhabi presents opportunities in mixed-use developments.

Portugal

Portugal’s Golden Visa program has made real estate an attractive option for international investors. Historic properties in Lisbon and coastal homes in the Algarve are in high demand.

Italy

Italy’s real estate market offers a mix of luxury properties in urban centers like Milan and Rome and countryside villas in Tuscany. With competitive pricing, it’s a hotspot for long-term investment.

Business Investment Options

Top GDP nations are home to thriving business ecosystems supported by innovation, talent, and government incentives. Here are the standout opportunities:

Luxembourg

Known for its financial services, Luxembourg offers opportunities in private banking, fintech, and logistics. Startups in green technology also benefit from government grants and a supportive ecosystem.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is diversifying its economy beyond oil under its Vision 2030 framework. Key investment sectors include renewable energy, tourism, and entertainment. The government’s giga-projects, such as The Red Sea Project and Qiddiya, present exciting opportunities for investors.

Singapore

Singapore is a global hub for technology and finance. Investors can explore opportunities in fintech, biomedical sciences, and e-commerce. The country’s business-friendly policies make it easy to establish companies or invest in existing ones.

Ireland

Ireland’s low corporate tax rate and vibrant tech sector make it a magnet for multinational companies. Investors can capitalize on opportunities in cloud computing, software development, and pharmaceutical industries.

Qatar

Qatar’s Vision 2030 initiative has opened doors for investments in tourism, sports, and technology. Free zones allow foreign investors 100% ownership in sectors like manufacturing and logistics.

United States

The U.S. leads in technology, healthcare, and renewable energy. Venture capitalists often target Silicon Valley startups, while manufacturing and e-commerce sectors also offer high returns.

United Arab Emirates

The UAE excels in sectors like logistics, technology, and renewable energy. Dubai’s DIFC Free Zone is a key area for financial services, while Abu Dhabi focuses on advanced manufacturing and clean energy.

Portugal

Portugal’s burgeoning startup scene offers investment opportunities in technology, renewable energy, and agriculture. Programs like Startup Portugal provide government backing for innovative businesses.

Italy

Financial Investment Programs

Investing in government bonds, mutual funds, and other financial instruments offers stability and predictable returns. Below are opportunities in financial investment programs:

Luxembourg

Luxembourg is a global leader in investment funds, offering access to a diverse range of mutual funds and ETFs. The country’s secure regulatory environment ensures investor confidence.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia offers access to its growing financial markets through investments in its sovereign wealth fund and public offerings of major companies like Saudi Aramco. The Tadawul (Saudi Stock Exchange) is becoming increasingly attractive to foreign investors.

Singapore

Singapore offers robust financial investment options, including government bonds, mutual funds, and private equity. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) ensures a highly regulated and transparent financial market.

Ireland

Ireland’s government bonds and financial funds are attractive to risk-averse investors. The Irish Stock Exchange also offers access to global financial markets.

Qatar

Qatar’s Sovereign Wealth Fund is among the largest in the world, focusing on diversified global investments. Domestic options include government bonds and energy-related funds.

United States

The U.S. financial market offers an array of options, from Treasury bonds to stocks and mutual funds. Index funds tied to the S&P 500 or Nasdaq provide long-term growth potential.

United Arab Emirates

The UAE offers investment programs in Sharia-compliant funds, government bonds, and real estate-linked securities. The country’s financial free zones facilitate access to regional and international markets.

Portugal

Portugal’s government bonds and investment funds are low-risk options for international investors. REITs are also popular for those interested in real estate without direct ownership.

Italy

Italy offers government bonds with stable returns, particularly in long-term securities. The country’s financial market also provides access to mutual funds and stock investments.

Why Invest in Top GDP Nations?

Investing in top GDP nations offers the following advantages:

• Economic Stability: These nations feature robust economies with consistent growth, reducing investment risks.
• Diverse Opportunities: From real estate to business ventures and financial instruments, investors can diversify their portfolios.
• Global Connectivity: Strategic locations provide access to international markets, facilitating global trade and commerce.
• Residency and Citizenship Benefits: Many of these countries offer residency or citizenship by investment programs, adding to their appeal.

How to Access Wealthy Nations Through Investment

Investing in wealthy nations provides individuals with a unique opportunity to secure global mobility, diversify assets, and access lucrative markets. This guide explores the pathways investors can take to establish themselves in high-GDP countries, focusing on key benefits and strategies.

Pathways to Residency: Building a Global Presence

Investors seeking to access wealthy nations often begin with residency, which opens doors to economic, social, and lifestyle benefits. Residency programs typically allow individuals to live, work, and access local markets without permanent citizenship commitments.

Strategic Investment Choices

High-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) can choose from diverse investment pathways, including real estate, business ventures, and government-backed bonds. These investments not only facilitate residency but also provide financial returns and long-term stability.

Market Integration

Residency often grants investors access to local markets, enabling them to establish businesses, create networks, and explore regional trade opportunities. Wealthy nations such as those in the European Union provide seamless access to vast markets, amplifying business growth potential.

Education and Healthcare Access

Residency in high-GDP countries offers world-class healthcare and education for families, making it a strategic move for long-term planning. Countries like the United States and European nations rank highly in these sectors, providing added value for investors and their families.

Investment Benefits in Wealthy Nations

High-GDP nations are often synonymous with economic stability, robust infrastructure, and strong legal systems, ensuring a secure environment for investments.

Economic Stability

Countries such as Luxembourg, Singapore, and the United States boast stable economies with consistent growth, making them ideal for long-term investments. Investors benefit from lower risks, even during global market fluctuations.

Tax Efficiency

Many high-GDP countries offer favorable tax regimes for investors. Nations like the United Arab Emirates and Portugal provide significant tax advantages, ensuring that investors retain more of their earnings and returns.

High Returns on Real Estate

Real estate investments in prime locations often yield excellent returns. Luxury properties in cities like New York, Dubai, and Lisbon are highly sought after, offering both capital appreciation and rental income opportunities.

Innovation and Technology

Wealthy nations lead in innovation, making them ideal for venture capital investments. Countries such as Ireland, Singapore, and the United States foster tech ecosystems that deliver high growth and innovation-driven opportunities.

Expertise in Investment Pathways

Savory & Partners specializes in guiding investors through tailored pathways to access wealthy nations. With extensive experience in global investment strategies, the firm offers:

• Comprehensive Advisory Services: Tailored advice on investment opportunities aligned with financial and personal goals.
• Market Analysis: Insights into high-growth sectors, real estate hotspots, and business-friendly environments.
• Seamless Application Process: Assistance with legal and regulatory requirements to ensure a smooth transition to residency or market entry.
• Family-Centric Solutions: Strategies that include educational and healthcare benefits for family members.

FAQs About Richest Countries in the World

1. What is the richest country by GDP?

Based on GDP per capita rankings, Singapore is the richest country in the world. Its thriving financial sector and high-income economy contribute to its top position.

2. What are the top 10 GDP countries in the world?

The top 10 countries by GDP per capita in 2025 are Singapore, Luxembourg, Ireland, Qatar, Norway, Switzerland, United States, Denmark, Netherlands. and Taiwan.

3. What are the top 5 wealthiest countries per capita (GDP)?

The top 5 wealthiest countries by GDP per capita are Singapore, Luxembourg, Ireland, Qatar, and Norway. Their economies are driven by finance, trade, and resource wealth.

4. Is Dubai the richest country in the world?

Dubai is not a country but a city in the United Arab Emirates, which ranks among the wealthiest nations globally. Dubai's economy is a key contributor to the UAE's wealth through tourism, trade, and real estate.

References

International Monetary Fund. (2025). World Economic Outlook Database: GDP per capita rankings. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org

World Bank. (2025). Global GDP statistics and rankings. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org

Bloomberg. (2025). "Global real estate trends and investment opportunities." Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com

Financial Times. (2025). "Wealth migration and investment pathways in high-GDP nations." Retrieved from https://www.ft.com

The Economist. (2025). "Economic stability and innovation in wealthy nations." Retrieved from https://www.economist.com

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2025). Global investment and economic indicators. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org